Telecommunication Systems

    The first requirement is for the original information energy (such as that of the
    human voice, or music, or a telegraph signal) to be converted into electrical
    form to produce an electronic information signal. This is achieved by a suitable
    transducer, which is a general term given to any device that converts energy
    from one form to another when required.

Figure 1. Basic requirements for a one-way line telecommunication channel

    In a line telecommunication system (Figure 1), the electronic signal is passed
    to the destination by a wire or cable link, with the energy traveling at a speed
    of up to 60 % that of light. At the destination, a second transducer converts
    the electronic signal back into the original energy form. The amplifiers do not
    change the signal but to increase the power level of signals to compensate
    for losses encountered.

        Figure 2. Basic requirements for one-way radio telecommunication channel     For a radio system (Figure 2), a transmitter is required at the source to send the
    signal over the radio link, and a receiver is needed at the destination to recover
    the signal before applying it to the transducer.

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